'So' when used with an adjective, shows extreme situations. This form is used mostly in speech:
The music is so loud! Why don’t they turn it down?
The hotel was so good. It was worth every cent.
We use the past perfect to show that an action happened before another action in the past. It can also show that an action happened before a specific time in the past.
When we arrived at the station, the train had already left.
Had Carol studied Russian before she moved to Russia?
We form the past perfect with: had/hadn’t + past participle
+ She had seen the film before.
- She had not seen the film before.
Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to have been doing." Unlike Future Simple forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
The Future Perfect is formed with ‘will have + past participle’ but ‘be going to have + past participle’ has the same function and these two forms are interchangeable.
Future Simple 'will + base form' and Going to
Expressing the future with 'will' or 'going to'
These two different forms for expressing future time can be used interchangeably sometimes. However they often express two very different meanings. It needs practice to understand the differences. Both 'will' and ‘going to’ refer to a specific time in the future.
Will – 'will + base form of verb'
You will see him later.
Will you see him later?
You will not see him later.
Used to + verb describes a past situation that is no longer true
I used to go scuba diving.
It is best to avoid using ‘used to’ in negative forms or questions although some native speakers do this in informal situations. It is better to use the Past Simple in those situations.
The Future Continuous and 'be going to be +ing' are both used to express the same situations and can both be used interchangeably unlike the Future Simple and 'going to'
will be' + present participle
You will be waiting for them at the hotel.
Will you be waiting for them at the hotel?
You will not be waiting for them at the hotel
This is an overview of the use of adverbs, adjectives, and linking verbs. Other lessons cover their uses and meanings in more detail.
Adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjective. This is however by no means a fixed way of forming adverbs as there are also several irregular adverbs such as 'well' and 'fast'.
What's the difference between say, tell and ask?
We say: hello and goodbye, please and thank you, happy birthday and congratulations.
Say hello to your sister for me.
We said goodbye at the airport.
Did you say thank you to Mrs Anderson?
We use say to ask about language:
How do you say 'car' in Portuguese? 'Carro'.
The Present Perfect is made with – has/have + past participle
I have read that book.
Have you read that book?
I have not read that book.
