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Addressing people while writing and closing the letter

Addressing people while writing and closing the letter

I am always confused on how to address people in various communications such as - E mail, Letter, Telephone etc and also in closing the communication - What to use to close a leter or e mail, for example can we use Yours sincerely, yours faithfully etc while writing to our subordinates. When to use Regards, Warm Regards, Best regards and Kind regards etc

Can we say Dear Mr. First Name? or Dear Mr. First Name Last Name. Can we say Dear Ms. First Name only? How do we address a person, if we don't know if that person is a male or a female?